The Visual Span Test (VST) [70,71], also part of the Colorado assessment tests, was used to assess visuospatial memory span from the forward condition and working memory from the backward condition. In this test, 8 randomly arranged squares were displayed on the screen, and some of the squares (i.e., 2–8 squares), depending on the span level being assessed, flashed in a predetermined sequence. The test consisted of 14 trials in each condition, as each span level was administered twice. Using mouse clicks, the subjects were required to repeat the sequence in the same order during the forward condition; the subjects were required to repeat the sequence in reverse order (starting from the last square) during the backward condition. A total of 8 scores were recorded (4 per condition): (i) total correct trials (total number of correctly performed trials); (ii) span (maximum sequence-length achieved); (iii) total average time (sum of the mean time taken across all trials performed); and (iv) total correct average time (sum of the mean time taken across all trials correctly performed).
