For acute ethanol exposure, Aldh2−/−Fancd2−/− mice and appropriate controls were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol. The total dose of 5.8 g kg−1 was split into two injections separated by 4 h. Ethanol (96%, Sigma) was diluted to 28% v/v in saline, and administered twice at 13 ml kg−1. Mice were exsanguinated 48 h after the second injection and peripheral blood was analysed with the micronucleus assay. Alternatively, mice were injected with colchicine for the preparation of metaphase spreads for M-FISH. For SCE analysis, mice were injected with colchicine 12 h after the second ethanol injection.
