Maternal and paternal ASP symptoms were measured separately as the sum of the following seven binary items obtained by personal interview with mothers: inconsistent work behavior, failure to conform to social norms and laws, irritability/aggression or involvement in fighting or assault, failure to honor financial obligations, impulsivity, recklessness in the safety of self or others, and no long-term (>1 year) monogamous romantic relationships. Responses to the binary items were summed to create an ordinal score ranging from 0 to 7.
