analysis as confirmation of association analysis further reduced the chance of false positive findings. Additionally, functional analysis in multiple populations with distinct ethnicity, which were also different from the populations for association analysis, would make the findings more generalizable too. Fourth, the distributions of −log(P) values across the discovery, replication, and confirmation samples were compared for the similarity using Pearson correlation analysis (see rationale in Materials and Methods S1). The consistency between them would significantly reduce the chance of false positive findings. Additionally, our analyses followed a fixed procedure (Materials and Methods S1) step-by-step, which reduced multiple testing. Therefore, α in the discovery sample was not necessary to be corrected for one million of times if an association was replicated.
