Lastly, we note that although PRS-CSx can improve cross-population polygenic prediction, the gap in the prediction accuracy between European and non-European populations remains considerable. Indeed, sophisticated statistical and computational methods alone will not be able to overcome the current Eurocentric biases in GWAS. Broadening the sample diversity in genomic research to fully characterize the genetic architecture and understand the genetic and non-genetic contributions to human complex traits and diseases across global populations is crucial to further improve the prediction accuracy of PRS in diverse populations.
