Mice and rats were euthanized by inhalation of CO2, brains were rapidly removed, and frozen on dry ice. Tissues were stored at −80°C until dissection. Brains were sliced on a cryostat, and bilateral dissections were made for the hippocampus, habenula, IPN and/or VTA with a scalpel. Samples were pooled across multiple subjects due to the small size of selected brain areas and stored in at −80°C until processing for RNA isolation.