The first whole-brain analyses of rs-fcMRI data in a pediatric population were performed by Fransson et al. in 2007 (Fransson et al., 2007). In this report, ICA/PCA techniques were applied to data from sedated premature infants at term equivalence to derive components of correlated voxels. This study reported 5 components in 1) primary visual areas, 2) bilateral somatomotor cortex, 3) bilateral temporal/inferior parietal cortex including auditory cortex, 4) posterior lateral and midline parietal cortex and lateral cerebellum, and 5) medial and lateral anterior prefrontal cortex, as shown in Figure 1. These component patterns were subsequently replicated in a study using sleeping term infants (with the additional finding of a basal ganglia component (Fransson et al., 2009)). The visual, somatomotor, and auditory/insula components resemble previously published seed correlation maps in young children (Kiviniemi et al., 2000), and the frontal and parietal components resemble the seeds maps of Smyser et al., though precise comparisons are difficult given differences in analysis strategy and data presentation. Somewhat contradictory findings were reported by Liu et al. in 1 year olds, where ICA analyses returned unilateral,
