al., 2000, 2004; Liu et al., 2004; Matsumoto et al., 2007; Mayfield et al., 2002; Rodd et al., 2008; Saito et al., 2002, 2004; Treadwell and Singh 2004). The studies conducted on post-mortem human tissue measured the consequences of long-term alcohol consumption and were aimed at regions where the neurotoxic effects of alcohol have been reported (Alexander-Kaufman 2006, 2007; Flatscher-Bader et al., 2005; Lewohl et al., 2000, 2004; Liu et al., 2004; Matsumoto et al., 2007; Mayfield et al., 2002). Several studies were conducted examining the effects of chronic forced ethanol drinking by mice and rats on changes in gene expression in whole brain or cerebral cortex (Saito et al., 2002, 2004; Treadwell and Singh 2004). A more recent study (Bell et al., 2006) examined the effects of chronic alcohol drinking by P rats on protein levels in the ACB and amygdala, using a 2-dimensional gel (2-DG) electrophoresis technique with mass spectrometry (MS). Although differences in protein levels were observed, this technique is relatively insensitive, and only the most abundant proteins were detected.
