Using the method developed by Behrens (Behrens, Woolrich, Jenkinson, Johansen-Berg, Nunes, et al., 2003), Croxson and colleagues (Croxson, Johansen-Berg, Behrens, Robson, Pinsk, et al., 2005) investigated the connections of parts of the temporal lobe and striatum with the ACC and OFC in humans and monkeys. In accord with tracing studies in the macaque, both the human ACC sulcus (ACCs) and OFC (chiefly the central and medial regions) were shown to have connections with the amygdala and ventral striatum, both of which have been implicated in predicting the contingencies between environmental stimuli, actions and rewards (Baxter and Murray, 2002; O'Doherty, 2004) (Figure 5a, b). A small region of the ventral striatum was found to be commonly activated in the study by Walton and colleagues (2004) in the two conditions which required outcome monitoring, but not in a third control condition (not described above) in which it was not necessary to pay attention to the feedback. This concurs with the involvement of both the ACC and OFC in using outcome information to guide behaviour.
