Table 1 displays the percentage of participants in both treatment groups who endorsed each DSM-IV criterion. Among chronic smokers, internal consistency of the nicotine-applicable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.33), negative-reinforcement (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.37) and full (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.54) model items were below conventional standards for clinical use (e.g. [29]). Among depressed smokers, internal consistency of the nicotine-applicable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.25), negative-reinforcement (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.39) and full (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.51) model items also were below conventional standards. These results suggest that validity analyses may have been compromised by the models’ poor reliability. Seventy-one percent of chronic smokers and 69% of depressed smokers met DSM-IV criteria for current nicotine dependence.
