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Chunk #0 — 1. Introduction

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Psychiatric comorbidity in methamphetamine dependence.
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Unlike the use of cocaine, cannabis and opiates, the global problem caused by amphetamine-type stimulants appears to be growing as current data reveal that between 16 and 51 million people world-wide used such drugs illegally in 2007 (UNODC, 2009). Adding to the international statistics are reports that admissions to publically-funded substance abuse treatment programs with methamphetamine (MA) as the primary substance increased 255% from 1997 to 2007 in the United States (SAMHSA, 2006; SAMHSA, 2008). In addition to the impairment directly associated with the disorders of MA Dependence or Abuse, psychiatric symptoms associated with MA use can cause considerable morbidity. Published studies have reported that significant numbers of MA-dependent individuals experience symptoms severe enough to require psychiatric hospital admission, and many have attempted suicide in their lifetime (Zweben et al., 2004; Glasner-Edwards et al., 2008). Although much work has been done describing psychiatric comorbidity in cocaine-using persons (Schottenfeld et al., 1993; Ziedonis et al., 1994) and in the general drug-using population (Warner et al., 1995), less work has been carried out in MA-dependent samples (Glasner-Edwards et al., 2009, Glasner-Edwards et