Chunk #11 — METHODS — Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Phenotypes

Source

CHRNB3 is more strongly associated with Fagerström test for cigarette dependence-based nicotine dependence than cigarettes per day: phenotype definition changes genome-wide association studies results.

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A relatively large proportion of individuals in this sample have a diagnosis of alcohol dependence and/or cocaine dependence because the COGA and FSCD studies were designed to examine these disorders. This reflects the elevated rates of nicotine dependence in individuals with comorbid substance dependence conditions.