were heterogeneous and included treatment-naïve, current heavy drinkers (Cardenas et al., 2005; Fein et al., 2002), AUD individuals with long-term abstinence (Fein et al., 2009), and teenagers with AUDs recruited from high schools (Nagel et al., 2005). Treatment-seeking status could not be determined for 1 study (De Bellis et al., 2000). The non-AUD comparison group was a healthy control sample for every study except O’Neill et al. (2001), which compared AUD participants with and without cocaine dependence to a combined group of healthy controls and individuals with cocaine dependence only. Descriptive characteristics for demographic and clinical characteristics of samples are presented in Table 3 to provide a snapshot of the “average” participant and to convey study heterogeneity.
