Within-family association results utilizing 10,000 permutations for two quantitative measures of DSM-IV alcohol dependence are reported in Table 3. The strongest evidence of association was found for the synonymous SNP rs279858 located in exon 5 (p = 0.007), with the G allele conferring a lower DSM-IV factor score (factAD4). With a correlation of 0.978 between the DSM-IV factor score and the number of DSM-IV AD symptoms experienced (sumAD4), the G allele also reduced the sumAD4, where the average number of symptoms reported in the study were 0.78, 0.76 and 0.71 in individuals with 0, 1 and 2 G-alleles, respectively. The T-allele of rs279845 also conferred lower factAD4 and sumAD4 scores. The directions of effect for both rs279858 and rs279845 are opposite to that reported in previous studies (Covault et al., 2004; Edenberg et al., 2004; Fehr et al., 2006; Lappalainen et al., 2005). Three other SNPs located in intron-3 and intron-4 were nominally associated with the factAD4 and sumAD4 measures. Similar levels of association (p < 0.05) were observed for four of the SNPs with the closely related “sum of
