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Chunk #13 — RESULTS — Predictors of TS-related diagnoses in the offspring

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Familiality of Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: heritability analysis in a large sib-pair sample.
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To examine parental predictors of offspring diagnoses, we conducted GEE analyses, including paternal and maternal TS, OCD, and ADHD diagnoses as predictor variables. Gender was included as a covariate in all analyses. Maternal OCD (OR=2.10, p=0.003) and paternal OCD (OR=1.97, p=0.018) were associated with offspring diagnoses of OCD, as was maternal ADHD (OR=1.82, p=0.023), although maternal or paternal TS and paternal ADHD were not (overall model: X2=32.5, p<0.00001). Paternal ADHD (OR=3.35, p<0.0001), maternal ADHD (OR= 2.26, p=0.006), and male gender (OR=0.35, p<0.0001), but not parental TS or OCD, were associated with offspring ADHD (overall model: X2=54.4, p<0.00001). Results of analyses using all parental tic (TS or CMVT) and OCD/OCB diagnoses gave similar results.