We derived eight cohorts. The four neuroinflammation-related cohorts included 175,915 patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), 67,825 patients with epilepsy, 81,510 patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HS), and 104,637 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The four matched cohorts included the same numbers of individuals as the corresponding neuroinflammation-related cohorts. The demographics of the cohorts were presented in Table 1. In the rest sections, false discovery rate (FDR) was adjusted for multiple comparisons, and all P-values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons.
