At all four waves of data collection, participants self-reported their alcohol drinking status. HED was assessed with the following question: “Over the past 12 months, on how many days did you drink five or more drinks in a row?” Response options were never (scored as 0), 1 or 2 days in the past 12 months (= 1), once a month or less (= 2), 2 or 3 days a month (= 3), 1 or 2 days a week (= 4), 3 to 5 days a week (= 5), and every day or almost every day (= 6). Self-report measures of drinking show adequate reliability and validity when assessments are structured to minimize response bias (Del Boca & Darkes, 2003). To minimize response bias, Add Health employed computer aided self-interviewing (CASI) to assess substance use behaviors. There is substantial research to indicate the validity of adolescent self-reports of drug use (Denis et al., 2012; Hornik & Orwin, 2012; Harrison & Hughes, 1997; Patrick et al., 1994; Richter & Johnson, 2001; Smith, McCarthy, & Goldman, 1995; Yang et al., 2006) A number
