participants was 15.65 years (SD =1.75) years; at Wave 2, the mean age was 16.22 years (SD = 1.64); at Wave 3, the mean age was 22.96 years (SD = 1.77); and at Wave 4, participant’s mean age was 28.9 years (SD = 1.76). Inclusion criteria for the present study limited the sample to adolescents who (a) self-identified as African American or Caucasian; (b) had been interviewed at both Wave 1 and Wave 4, at a minimum; and (c) had sampling weights available. A limited number of participants from the longitudinal cohort met the minimum criteria for study inclusion. The sample was further reduced because of missing covariate data, particularly the data on parental education level. As a result, the analytic sample was reduced to 9,942 adolescents. Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for the analytic sample. Details of the Add Health study can be found elsewhere (e.g., Harris et al., 2009).
