As a first step in determining the neurobiological underpinning of urgency (Cyders & Smith, 2008), the goals of the current study are to examine how: (1) medial frontal responses to alcohol olfactory cues are modified by mood induction, (2) negative and positive urgency traits are associated with medial frontal activation induced from alcohol olfactory cues and mood induction, and (3) urgency and neural responses to alcohol olfactory cues relate to subjective craving and self-reported alcohol use.