Results from the most extreme parameters tested (rGE = 0.1 / 0.5; Confounder Correlations ~ 0.05-0.1 / 0.8 - 0.9) are presented in Figures 2 and 3. The left panel displays a series of regression lines that summarize the relationship between the PRS beta and the proportion of confounding data that was included in the Incomplete PC. The regression line has slope equal to 0 where the Incomplete PC is not included in the analysis. The right panel displays the distribution of PRS betas from each model. The complete results, which include the intermediate levels of rGE, demonstrate similar patterns as those presented here and are available on GitHub (https://github.com/thomasns0/PCA_Collider.git). We present results throughout this section as the average percentage of change from the true value of the PRS effect (i.e. (Model A1 – Model A2) / 0.1).
