Cservenka et al. 12 provide a review of pharmacogenetic studies of AUD treatment. Such studies are important for understanding the biological mechanisms of AUD medication treatments, with the goal of moving more aggressively towards personalized medicine. It is well known that allele frequencies vary by ancestral background so it is quite likely that different biological treatments will vary in effectiveness across racial/ethnic groups. To date only selected medicines – naltrexone, ondansetron, acamprosate, and topiramate – have been studied, but only in limited samples of racial/ethnic minorities. This review points to the need for studies of other medications (e.g., nalmefene, disulfiram, etc.) including novel compounds not yet used in addictions treatment that may target risk alleles. Given that many known risk genes are commonly associated across different substances of abuse and related comorbidities, it is likely that some compounds currently used for other addiction conditions may also be effective in treating AUD; however, efficacy may vary by racial/ethnic ancestry and/or gender. Cservenka et al. note that the genetics of combination pharmacological therapies (the norm in current addictions treatment) are not well
