for other addiction conditions may also be effective in treating AUD; however, efficacy may vary by racial/ethnic ancestry and/or gender. Cservenka et al. note that the genetics of combination pharmacological therapies (the norm in current addictions treatment) are not well studied, suggesting a need to move toward gene-gene investigations and more standardization in outcome measures. This review also points out a quandary for developing pharmacogenetic studies. While it is the case that diverse samples should be emphasized to increase representation and to enhance susceptibility gene finding, the resulting genetic diversity can also make interpretation of results from pharmacogenetic studies difficult. More racially/ethnically homogeneous sampling may be useful in pharmacogenetic studies to increase clinical relevance. They also point to the need to include pharmacogenetics in clinical practice as is being done in other areas of medicine.
