Maternal drinking variables in this study, especially the binge measures, correlate significantly with increased dysmorphology, decreased head circumference, short palpebral fissures, and indistinct vermillion boarder. These simple physical measures/traits can provide a clinician with clues of prenatal alcohol exposure, at least in the first trimester (Hoyme et al., 2005; May et al., 2011). Many of the alcohol consumption measures that combine quantity and frequency (Q/F) concepts, and therefore characterize binges, are also substantially associated with many measures of cognitive/behavioral performance. But only non-verbal intelligence correlates significantly at the most strict significance levels. Furthermore, when adding timing of drinking during the pregnancy, the drinks per drinking day (DDD) measure is associated with poor performance on cognitive and behavioral scales in all virtually trimesters. Non-verbal IQ and attention are significantly correlated in 2 of the 3 trimesters. As has been demonstrated with other analyses and samples, prenatal alcohol use is more directly correlated with physical effects on children (May et al., 2011) than its effect on neurobehavior. The effect of prenatal drinking on neurobehavior is filtered through multiple environmental conditions in the
