Parenting behaviors were ascertained during videotaped observations of parent–child interactions in the laboratory. Behaviors were coded on a 1–5 scale (1: poor/unsupportive–5: positive/supportive parenting), specifically for positive regard and support by a trained team of reliable coders (intraclass correlation (ICC)=0.71). Such parent–child interaction tasks and coding have been used previously and shown good reliability and validity.5, 45
