In order to determine whether GluR1-immunoreactivity levels within single spines were altered by fear conditioning, we also compared the mean PEG counts at the synaptic junction and at nonsynaptic portions of spine heads of each animal. This comparison indicated no effect of fear conditioning at the synaptic junction (F(2,7) = 2.1948, P = 0.18) or at nonsynaptic portions of spine heads (F(2,7) = 1.4597, P = 0.30).