where Y is the amount of MOPR, A is a constant for each equation, ka is the transformation rate constant of the immature to mature receptor, ke is the turnover rate constant of the mature or immature receptor, and t is the time of the chase. The turnover rate constant (ke) means the fraction of the receptor degraded per unit of time. Half-life (t1/2) is the time for the receptor to reduce by 50%, and it is equal to 0.693/ke.