It is known that p53 and NF-κB pathways play opposing roles in human cancer, with p53 acting as a tumor suppressor and NF-κB acting as a tumor activator. The crosstalk between p53 and NF-κB indicates that p53 and NF-κB repress each other’s activities owing to their competition for transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and CBP [190]. A recent study has proposed an additional mechanism of how CBP phosphorylation by IKKα determines whether CBP binds to p53 or NF-κB [191]. Although a number of studies have focused on identifying p53 activators and NF-κB inhibitors individually, few studies have investigated the molecules that target both the pathways simultaneously. Identifying molecules that simultaneously activate p53 and inhibit NF-κB would have great potential in combination therapy for cancer and various other diseases and could provide helpful tools to better understand the crosstalk between the p53 and NF-κB pathways. Quinacrine, an antimalarial drug, and other derivatives of 9 aminoacridine have been shown to simultaneously repress NF-κB and activate p53 in renal cell carcinoma [192]. Other molecules with similar potential include nutlins [193, 194], cisplatin [195, 196],
