In the CHRNB3 gene, SNP rs7004381 was found to be associated with number of unsuccessful quit attempts, which is correlated with, and a component of, nicotine dependence measured by DSM-IV. rs7004381 is in close proximity to rs6474413 and rs6474412 (97 bp and 663bp downstream respectively), rs6474413 was one of the top associations in the Saccone et al (2007) candidate genes study and rs6474412 was within the top 40 associations out of 2,400,000 markers in the Bierut et al (2007) study. This SNP of CHRNB3 is further upstream of the gene than any of those included the Greenbaum et al (2006) or the Zeiger et al (2008) studies. SNPs rs4950 and rs13280604, which are moderately associated with number of unsuccessful quit attempts in this NYS sample, have only been examined in the current study and the Zeiger et al (2008) study. Although that study did not find evidence for association with dependence, these two SNPs were significantly associated with early subjective response to tobacco. It is possible that the lack of association with nicotine dependence may be related to the fact
