Parental separation was based on offspring report of not living with both biological parents for the majority of time from 12-17. Principal component analyses (results available on request) supported combined measures for Internalizing conditions (any DSM-IV lifetime diagnosis of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, or any report of suicidal ideation), externalizing disorders (conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder), and 2 dichotomous variables of offspring trauma exposures. These latter were distinguished by whether the trauma was assaultive or nonassaultive in nature. Assaultive traumas included being raped or sexually assaulted, stabbed, shot, mugged, wounded in combat, threatened with a weapon, or robbed, kidnapped or held captive), while nonassaultive traumas included being in a fire, flood, earthquake or other natural disaster, serious accident, witnessing someone being seriously injured or killed, or discovering a dead body. Questions specific to childhood physical abuse and childhood sexual abuse were not asked at only 4 out of 6 sites due to IRB restrictions and thus not included in analyses; childhood neglect was not assessed. Substance use: Offspring report of ever use of cannabis was included
