Using Bio-Plex mouse diabetes panel kit we screened 8 diabetes-related cytokines and found that serum leptin was induced by HFD in P+A- mice but not in P-A- mice and P-A+ mice (Fig. 3E). In contrast, serum ghrelin was induced in P-A- mice and P-A+ mice but not in P+A- mice (Fig. 3E). The other 6 cytokines including insulin, glucagon, PAI-1, resistin, GIP, and GLP-1 had no or little changes (Supplemental Fig. 5).