These findings demonstrate one of the ways in which studying the spectral properties of connectivity disturbances may provide insight into the neurophysiological origin of network abnormalities in psychopathology, and there are several important avenues for future research. In this study, we conceptualized functional connectivity as a static process involving patterns of phase synchronization that are stable across the recording period. However, an emerging field is ‘dynamic’ functional connectivity [64], which refers to the variability in the strength or spatial organization of connectivity among networks over time. Recent fMRI research shows that in depression, persistent internally focused attention may be linked to decreased variability in connectivity within the DMN (driven by a more persistent positive correlation in activity among regions in the DMN over time), along with increased variability in connectivity between the DMN and regions implicated in regulating attention [65]. EEG-based connectivity measures may provide two important extensions to this work: (1) they can reveal how the strength, spatial organization and spectral properties of connectivity among brain systems converge and diverge over time, and (2) they can capture these changes
