Collection of the UKBB data was approved by the UKBB’s Research Ethics Committee. UKBB individual-level data used in the present work were obtained under application #32568. BBJ and PAGE: only publicly available GWAS summary statistics, without individual-level information, were used in this study. Collection of the TWB data was approved by the Ethics and Governance Council (EGC) of TWB and the Department of Health and Welfare, Taiwan (Wei-Shu-I-Tzu NO.1010267471). TWB obtained informed consent from all participants for research use of the collected data. The access to and the use of TWB data in the present work was approved by the EGC of TWB (approval number: TWBR10907-05) and the Institutional Review Board of National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan (approval number: EC1090402-E). Schizophrenia GWAS summary statistics of EUR and EAS ancestries are available via the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and do not contain any individual-level information. The following institutions provided ethics oversight for schizophrenia East Asian samples used in this work: Samsung Medical Center; Bio-X Institutes of Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Fujita Health University; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; University Medical Center
