any individual-level information. The following institutions provided ethics oversight for schizophrenia East Asian samples used in this work: Samsung Medical Center; Bio-X Institutes of Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Fujita Health University; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; University Medical Center Utrecht; The University of Western Australia; The University of Indonesia; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; Nagoya University; Osaka University; Niigata University; Chonnam National University Hospital, and Mass General Brigham (Protocols 2014P001342 and 2011P002207). Informed consent and permission to share the data were obtained from all subjects, in compliance with the guidelines specified by the recruiting center’s institutional review board.