There is evidence from other studies that chromosome 11 may harbor genes associated with smoking behavior(Li, 2008). Figure 2 displays approximate areas of overlap (using the deCODE genetic map) across studies reporting linkage findings with smoking-related phenotypes. The first three findings as we move along chromosome 11 in Figure 2 are most consistent with the highest peak we found for DSM-IV NW on 11p. The first finding was reported by Gelernter et al. (2004) for habitual smoking in a small sample ascertained for panic disorder, where the highest peak for habitual smoking was located at 11p15 at D11S4046 (Zlr = 3.4). As mentioned above, using a binary measure of FTND or DSM-IV nicotine dependence in the same NAG Finnish sample reported on here for DSM-IV NW, a signal was detected in the same area (two-point LOD = 1.8; Loukola et al., 2008). Interestingly, at the height of our Finnish multipoint peak, around 20 cM, Wang et al. (2005), reported a genomewide significant linkage peak, using a quantity smoked phenotype measured in the Framingham Heart Study. At both 31cM and 74
