being protective) in every European American and African American population tested and became GWS (minimum P = 2.98 × 10−8, meta-analysis exposed, at rs147170184). The evidence for pleiotropy between CAD and MDD was attenuated substantially (P = .60) after excluding unexposed participants. That the removal of unexposed individuals from the analysis had a relatively minor effect on the primary findings and actually improved the strength of some suggests that any loss in power owing to the smaller sample was offset by an increase in phenotypic precision. In the pleiotropy analysis, which relies on genome-level association results and is not limited to the most significantly associated SNPs, the power loss apparently outweighed any increase in precision. The significance of each of the top SNPs was modestly attenuated after adjusting for the DSM-IV criterion counts for AD, CD, and OD (eTable 1 in the Supplement).
