The C57BL/J6 background CYP2A5 knockout (cyp2a5−/−) mouse colony was established at Mount Sinai by re-derivation from male cyp2a5−/− mice (15) (kindly provided by Dr. Xinxin Ding, Wadsworth Centre, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY) and female C57BL/J6 WT mice (purchased from Charles River Laboratory). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α knockout (pparα−/−) mice were purchased from Jackson Lab. The mice were sacrificed after a 6-hour fast. All mice were housed in temperature-controlled animal facilities with 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycles and were permitted consumption of tap water and Purina standard chow ad libitum until being fed the liquid diets. The mice received humane care and experiments were approved by the Mount Sinai Animal Care and Use Committee. To induce alcoholic liver injury, 14 cyp2a5−/− mice and 14 cyp2a5+/+ (WT) mice, as well as 10 pparα−/− mice and 10 pparα+/+ (WT) mice, were initially fed the control liquid dextrose diet (Bio-Serv, Frenchtown, NJ) for 3 days to acclimate them to the liquid diet. Afterward, half of the mice from each group were fed the liquid ethanol diet (Bio-Serv, Frenchtown, NJ) and the other
