In the overall sample, we found that greater closeness with father was associated with larger P3 and higher FT in offspring. Also, closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking. Importantly, these associations remained significant beyond other relevant risk factors such as parental AUD, SUD, income, education, and offspring impulsiveness. Therefore, these findings suggest that close relationship with parents, during the critical period of adolescence, may mitigate the “neurodevelopmental lag” in individuals with heightened vulnerability to AUD and may contribute to more efficient neurocognitive functioning.
