There is mounting evidence of a relation between anger, frustration, or irritability and externalizing problems (Colder & Stice, 1998; Gilliom, Shaw, Beck, Schonberg, & Lukon, 2002; Lemery et al., 2002; Lengua, 2006; Oldehinkel et al., 2007; Rothbart, Ahadi, & Hershey, 1994; Zeman et al., 2002). Such feelings may motivate externalizing behaviors; moreover, externalizing children, especially if aggressive, may become more angry and hostile over time because they tend to be rejected and victimized by peers (Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 2006).
