Chunk #12 — Materials and Methods — Evaluation of Covariates

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Genome-wide time-to-event analysis on smoking progression stages in a family-based study.

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For smoking initiation, we considered positive and negative first time sensations as these variables attempt to capture the individual responses to the first‐ever dose of nicotine, and likely have a significant effect on the probability of smoking a whole cigarette (Rios‐Bedoya et al. 2009).