Chunk #9 — Genotype Imputation in Studies of Related Individuals
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additive effect for each marker (1, 8, 34). These observed allele counts are discrete and indicate the number of copies of the allele of interest (0, 1 or 2) carried by each individual. When genotypes are not measured directly, these discrete counts can be replaced with an expected allele count for each marker (a real number between 0 and 2) (15).