Each child/adolescent and his/her parent were separately administered the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) (Chambers et al., 1985) by trained, Masters’ level clinical interviewers and an advanced resident in child psychiatry at each annual evaluation. Using DSM-III criteria that have been used throughout the follow-up, K-SADS interviewers and the resident independently provided diagnostic data. A best-estimate diagnosis based on these four blinded interviews was completed in the presence of a third clinician who facilitated discussion to resolve diagnostic disagreements if needed. Offspring cigarette/tobacco use was also assessed with the K-SADS at each annual evaluation. Young adult assessments were conducted biennially using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (Janca et al., 1992) and CIDI-Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM) (Cottler et al., 1989). Substance use disorders included alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and drug dependence as assessed by DSM-III (childhood) or DSM-IV (young adult) criteria.
