Regarding non-invasive neuromodulatory strategies, although they represent an interesting approach to explore and modulate circuits, it should be underscored that the current montage of some techniques such as tDCS and rTMS has low spatial focality and several circuits are likely to be modulated. Moreover, tDCS and rTMS still present large inter- and intra-individual variability in response [190]. Concerning DBS, although this intervention is more focal, it is also costly and used only in refractory, severe cases that likely involve several neurocircuits or a very severe disruption in a specific circuit. Furthermore, in this review we focused mainly on the gray or white matter target of DBS in suggesting neurocircuit-specific treatment strategies, but recent evidence suggests that the white matter network to which each target connects may be more important and that several discrete DBS targets may converge on a single network to improve OCD symptoms [70–71, 132].
