Other hub regions include the cingulum, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsal striatum [182–184], which are involved in several of the circuits discussed here. These hub regions appear to be involved in many self-regulatory control functions, including cognitive reappraisal and extinction of learned fear, and as such may be key targets in different forms of interventions for OCD and other disorders [182, 184]. Finally, the fronto-parietal network, strongly connected to the dorsal and ventral cognitive circuits, is also likely to be important in OCD [14, 162–163, 187]. This network is involved in coordinating attention, cognitive control and working memory [162–163, 188] and has been implicated in other disorders including depression and schizophrenia [7, 189]. These considerations are important since many previous neuroimaging studies in OCD have used seed-based analysis of fronto-striatal circuits, despite the potential for abnormalities in other regions [187].
