SNPs: For follow up in fatSNP2, we identified all markers that were associated at P ≤ 1×10−4 in fatSNP stage 1, or that had surpassed that threshold in the GWAS study. We additionally followed up non-synonymous SNPs that were associated at P ≤ 0.10 in those analyses. To prune the marker set, we applied a highly conservative definition of non-redundancy, removing one of any pair of markers that that were highly correlated (r2≥0.97) in the fatSNP1 sample.