Despite the strengths of this study, including the relatively large sample size and within-subject design, these data should be interpreted in light of potential limitations.The RAI was based on a hypothesized model of abstinence-induced network interactions leading to cognitive deficits; we did not explore whether other network components contribute to the model. The abstinence manipulation to induce alterations in the RAI was performed at a single time and should be manipulated parametrically. The RAI could also be applied in other dysregulated states and related to functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from a variety of tasks. If the RAI is to be applied as a diagnostic biomarker, test-retest studies (as previously demonstrated with GICA reliability assessments48-50) are needed to demonstrate its reproducibility and clinical significance.
