Personality measures from these models show correlations to problem behaviors and psychiatric diagnoses,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and may serve as useful endophenotypes for the study of genetic components of behavior. An endophenotype is a quantitative, heritable trait, thought to more directly reflect the influence of genetic variation.13 Personality dimensions assessed in both the FFM and TCI demonstrate broad-sense heritability in excess of 30%,14 and have been the focus of several genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
