The largest GWAS of personality measures has been conducted using the NEO-PI-R. de Moor et al.15 analyzed the FFM dimensions for association to ∼2.4M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a meta-analysis of 17 375 individuals, and while two dimensions (openness to experience and conscientiousness) were associated at genome-wide significance levels to several SNPs, the associations were not replicated in an independent sample.
