yes to the question: “Have you ever had blackouts while drinking, that is where you drank enough so that you couldn't remember the next day what you had said or done?”. Following the initial test of association with the composite phenotype, the most highly correlated (weighted) individual phenotype was analyzed post-hoc. Due to the known correlations between smoking and the nicotinic receptors, as well as the co-morbidity between smoking and alcohol consumption a final post-hoc test was done to assess whether any associations were specific to smokers or never-smokers. Never-smokers were individuals who reported never having tried any tobacco, smokers were individuals who reported ever having tried cigarettes or other tobacco. Although the family based approach employed by FBAT-PC inherently controls for stratification, sex and ethnicity were included as covariates in the association model.
