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Chunk #37 — Results — Characteristics of youth with pure and combined CD and ODD diagnoses

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Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
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The final section of Table 2 shows levels of comorbid disorders in childhood and adolescence. Youth in all the disruptive disorder groupings were at increased risk of emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) and substance disorder relative to the no ODD/CD group, but did not differ significantly from each other. Risk for ADHD was also elevated in all disorder groups. There was some evidence that risk was particularly high in the CD+ODD group relative to the CD group, but the CD+ODD comparison with ODD group was non-significant.