Although this is the first published genome scan for ASPD in any population, there are several reports of genome wide scans for “conduct symptoms” and CD that have been previously published (see Dick et al., 2004; Kendler et al., 2006; Stallings et al., 2005). One linkage study, in adolescents, found preliminary evidence for linkage on chromosomes 3 and 9 (Stallings et al., 2003, 2005) for both a “dependence vulnerability” phenotype that consisted of “the average number of dependence symptoms across all classes of substances divided by the number of substances used repeatedly” and a phenotype that indexed the number of DSM-III-R CD symptoms. In another study, evidence suggestive of linkage was identified on chromosomes 2 and 19 and other regions of interest on chromosomes 3 and 12 using the COGA pedigrees (Dick et al., 2004), and in a third study, of Irish alcohol affected sibpairs, evidence suggestive of linkage to CD was found on chromosome 1 and 14 (Kendler et al., 2006).
